Electrospun 1D and 2D Carbon and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Piezoelectric Nanocomposites

Piezoelectric nanocomposite fibrous membranes consisting of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as matrix and incorporating 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 2D graphene oxide (GO) were prepared using an electrospinning process. The influence the filler type, loading, dispersion status on total PVDF crystallinity ( X c ); relative fraction ? phase (piezoelectric phase) in crystalline id="M2"> F ? volume samples id="M3"> v piezoelectric coefficient id="M4"> d 33 investigated. id="M5"> is used to assess formation for first time, which considered combined fillers id="M6"> id="M7"> , more practical than other investigations only id="M8"> assessment. inclusion all types had resulted a considerable reduction id="M9"> compared with neat PVDF, id="M10"> decreased CNT loading while increased GO loading. addition also reduced id="M11"> id="M12"> increased. id="M13"> significantly by GO, id="M14"> decreases increases. Since calculation id="M15"> has id="M16"> id="M17"> both id="M18"> was expected. id="M19"> PVDF/CNT composites higher that PVDF/GO composites. Although it generally anticipated id="M20"> increases id="M21"> observed presence CNT, id="M22"> dominated increase electric conductivity during after process, giving rise transport charges, produced crystals within fiber surface sample. In addition, CNTs may have promoted orientation id="M23"> direction, therefore, enhancing id="M24"> despite hindrance ?-phase (i.e., id="M25"> ). Adding can improve piezoelectricity through interfacial polarization, dielectric constant composite (mobile charges facilitate polarization). loadings 0.01 wt.% are sufficient outperform id="M26"> becomes 59.7% at 0.03 but 0.5 achieved comparable id="M27"> PVDF; further decline id="M28"> . low flocculation, lower aspect ratio result electron transfer less polycrystalline. id="M29"> much GO. This study aims contribute development nanocomposites energy harvesting applications (e.g., self-powered biosensors wireless sensor networks).